Author(s): Ileana-Cinziana SURDU
Publication name: Romanian Intelligence Studies Review
Publisher name: Mihai Viteazul National Intelligence Academy
Publication type: Journal article
Publication date: December 31, 2019
Pagination:
Issue/ Volume: 22/2019
DOI:
Abstract
The internet may be seen, through the social networks, as a „public sphere”,
which invites to a democratic discourse. On the other hand, the internet can also be seen
as a support of the echo chambers, which create an environment for reinforcing certain
beliefs and discrimination, and for creating hate speech, which can lead to polarization.
The culture of communication is highly influenced by the impact of the social
networks, determining an increasing pluralism and a certain level of unethical
dissemination of information, in the absence of critical analysis. Sensitive aspects, like
security threats, impose a special approach, so they would not have a very negative
impact over the public. The generalization of these type of topics may lead to panic, fear,
polarization, discrimination, and even violent attitude and behavior.
The professionals who can prevent or soften the negative reactions of the public
are the first liners in the field of communication and journalism, like institutional
spokespersons and journalists in the field of security and law enforcement. Thus, these
communicators bear the responsibility of delivering accurate data and information, in
an ethical manner. These are only two of the requirements in relation to their audience.
Other skills, competences and knowledge are also a must, such as the ability to think
critically, develop responsible reactions, or the literacy in negative phenomena and
actions that may lead to violent behavior.
The present study is a theoretical approach which aims at contributing to the
understanding of the factors that may determine the elaboration of media messages and
articles in an accountable manner, when reporting on security threats or sensitive issues
for the public. The analysis represents a contribution to the first steps towards the
literacy of both the communicators and the audience in the field of hate speech,
polarization, discrimination and other related phenomena and actions. Each type of
phenomenon is analyzed through comparative definitions and characteristics of
manifestation, followed by the analysis of the human rights perspective in dealing with
it, the analysis of the legal framework at European level, possible counteraction
approaches, main challenges and lessons learnt when addressing discrimination, hate
speech and polarization.
Keywords: hate speech, discrimination, polarization, and communication,
public reporting.
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