Author(s): Anastasios-Nikolaos KANELLOPOULOS
Publication name: Romanian Intelligence Studies Review
Publisher name: Mihai Viteazul National Intelligence Academy
Publication type: Journal article
Publication date: June 30, 2024
Pagination:
Issue/ Volume: 1 (31)/2024
DOI:
Abstract:
The Hawala system, an informal and traditional money transfer mechanism,
has been a subject of concern for counterterrorism and counterintelligence agencies
worldwide due to its potential exploitation for illicit financial activities, including
terrorism financing. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the Hawala
system’s presence in the Western Balkans, a region historically characterized by
geopolitical complexity and a complex security landscape.
Drawing on empirical data and regulatory analysis, this study explores the
challenges posed by the Hawala system in the context of counterterrorism and
counterintelligence efforts in the Western Balkans. It examines the system’s vulnerabilities,
its exploitation for terrorism financing and the difficulties faced by intelligence agencies
in monitoring and disrupting Hawala networks. Moreover, the paper assesses the
regulatory frameworks implemented by countries in the region and offers practical policy
recommendations to enhance counterterrorism and counterintelligence strategies,
fostering greater security and stability in the Western Balkans.
Keywords: Hawala, Western Balkans, Counterterrorism,Counterintelligence,
Anti-Money Laundering.
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